The history of the horror film begins in the early days of cinema, when filmmakers began to explore the possibilities of the medium. One of the first examples of a horror film is «Le Manoir du Diable» (1896) by Georges Méliès, which is considered the first horror film in history. This short film already featured many elements that would later become typical of the genre, such as ghosts, skeletons and demonic apparitions.
The 1920s saw the creation of some of the most famous silent film classics that laid the foundations of the modern horror film. Films such as Robert Wiene's The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (1920) and FW Murnau's Nosferatu (1922) brought the dark, expressionist aesthetic of German cinema to the genre. These films were characterized by their eerie atmospheres, distorted perspectives and grotesque characters that subtly influenced the audience's psyche.
The 1930s are considered the golden age of horror films, marked by the classic Universal Monsters. Universal Pictures produced a number of films that created some of the genre's most iconic characters, including Dracula (1931) starring Bela Lugosi, Frankenstein (1931) starring Boris Karloff, and The Invisible Man (1933). These films laid the foundation for many of the narrative structures still used in horror films today. The Universal Monsters became a staple of pop culture, influencing generations of filmmakers and viewers. The films of this era were characterized by their atmospheric sets, dramatic lighting effects, and the use of makeup and special effects to bring the gruesome creatures to life.
After World War II, the horror genre changed to reflect the fears and uncertainties of the post-war era. The 1950s often focused on themes such as nuclear threats, mutations, and alien invasions. Films such as The Thing (1951) and Godzilla (1954) addressed fears of destruction caused by science and technology. This period also saw the rise of B-movie horror, where low-cost productions with often over-the-top effects and bizarre plots attracted large audiences. Despite, or perhaps because of, their low production values, many of these films have achieved cult status.
The 1960s brought a new era of psychological horror that explored deeper, more introspective themes. Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho (1960) revolutionized the genre and brought horror into the everyday world. It was a turning point that shifted the focus from supernatural monsters to the dark recesses of the human psyche.
This trend continued in the 1970s, with films like "Rosemary's Baby" (1968), "The Exorcist" (1973) and "Jaws" (1975) catapulting horror into the mainstream. At the same time, films like "Halloween" (1978) and "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre" (1974) marked the beginning of the slasher genre, which ushered in a new direction in horror films with its iconic killers and intense suspense scenes.
The 1980s were a time of exaggeration in the horror genre. Many of the most popular films of the era, such as A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984) and Hellraiser (1987), relied heavily on visual effects and gore to tell their stories.
In the 1990s, the success of Scream (1996) brought the genre back to its roots. The film played with audience expectations and breathed new life into the genre, leading to a wave of new horror films that were aware of the genre's mechanisms and cliches.
In the 21st century, the horror genre has continued to change and innovate. Filmmakers such as Jordan Peele with "Get Out" (2017) and Ari Aster with "Hereditary" (2018) have used horror to explore social issues such as racism and family trauma. At the same time, films such as "The Witch" (2015) and "It Follows" (2014) have shown that the genre continues to be capable of telling original and unconventional stories.
...and now I've completely forgotten about "Blair Witch Project", but the only thing I remember is the snot running out of the nose while the camera films the face in close-up...